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Embarazadas que comen grasas trans tienen bebés de mayor peso

Por: Reuters
Viernes, 14 Octubre 2011 - 4:35pm
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Las mujeres embarazadas que consumen grasas trans en golosinas, 'snacks', comida rápida y otros alimentos poco saludables darían a luz bebés de mayor peso, según señala un estudio efectuado en Estados Unidos. 

La investigación, publicada en American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, se realizó con casi 1.400 mujeres embarazadas y halló que cuanto mayor es el consumo materno de grasas trans -que elevan el colesterol LDL o 'malo' y reducen el HDL o 'bueno'- durante el segundo trimestre de embarazo, mayor es el tamaño del
bebé al nacer. 

El estudio no prueba que sólo las grasas trans impulsen el crecimiento fetal y, si lo hacen, no está claro cuán dañino podría resultar esto. Pero existen riesgos al tener a un bebé con peso más elevado de lo normal, dijo la autora Juliana Cohen, de la Escuela de Salud Pública de Harvard, en Boston. 

Los bebés grandes tendrían que nacer por cesárea y algunos estudios hallaron que correrían más riesgo de diabetes y enfermedad cardíaca más adelante en su vida, añadió Cohen.  "Es prudente limitar las grasas trans en la dieta de todas maneras. Además, las mujeres embarazadas deberían pensar en cómo (las grasas) podrían afectar el crecimiento fetal", indicó la experta. 

Las grasas trans artificiales se encuentran en alimentos que contienen aceites parcialmente hidrogenados, entre ellos muchas galletas, papas y otros 'snacks' envasados -horneados y fritos-, al igual que en la comida rápida.  Algunas carnes y productos lácteos contienen grasas trans naturales, pero las personas obtienen la mayor parte de las grasas trans en su forma artificial, aunque los productores de alimentos y algunos restaurantes han estado reduciendo sus cantidades debido a su mala fama.

El último estudio se realizó con unas 1.400 mujeres de la zona de Boston que dieron a luz entre 1999 y el 2002. Las participantes completaron cuestionarios sobre alimentación durante el primero y el segundo trimestre de gestación.  La relación entre el mayor consumo de grasas trans y el tamaño del bebé al nacer se mantuvo aún luego de que los expertos tuvieran en cuenta factores como el peso corporal previo al embarazo, el ingreso, la educación y la ingesta calórica de las mujeres. 

El equipo calculó que por cada 1 por ciento de aumento en el consumo de grasas trans como reemplazo de carbohidratos en la dieta diaria de una mujer, aumentaba levemente el 'registro Z' de crecimiento fetal, que tiene en cuenta el peso del bebé al nacer y la semana de gestación durante la cual nace.

Cohen dijo que mientras que los efectos de esto serían limitados en la vida posterior, es mejor evitar los alimentos que contienen grasas trans para una buena salud general.  Desafortunadamente, este tipo de alimentos suelen ser los que las mujeres más desean durante el embarazo, añadió la autora.

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El estudio no prueba que sólo las grasas trans impulsen el crecimiento fetal y, si lo hacen, no está claro cuán dañino podría resultar esto. Pero existen riesgos al tener a un bebé con peso más elevado de lo normal, dijo la autora Juliana Cohen, de la Escuela de Salud Pública de Harvard, en Boston.

Los bebés grandes tendrían que nacer por cesárea y algunos estudios hallaron que correrían más riesgo de diabetes y enfermedad cardíaca más adelante en su vida, añadió Cohen. "Es prudente limitar las grasas trans en la dieta de todas maneras. Además, las mujeres embarazadas deberían pensar en cómo (las grasas) podrían afectar el crecimiento fetal", indicó la experta.

Las grasas trans artificiales se encuentran en alimentos que contienen aceites parcialmente hidrogenados, entre ellos muchas galletas, papas y otros 'snacks' envasados -horneados y fritos-, al igual que en la comida rápida. Algunas carnes y productos lácteos contienen grasas trans naturales, pero las personas obtienen la mayor parte de las grasas trans en su forma artificial, aunque los productores de alimentos y algunos restaurantes han estado reduciendo sus cantidades debido a su mala fama.

El último estudio se realizó con unas 1.400 mujeres de la zona de Boston que dieron a luz entre 1999 y el 2002. Las participantes completaron cuestionarios sobre alimentación durante el primero y el segundo trimestre de gestación. La relación entre el mayor consumo de grasas trans y el tamaño del bebé al nacer se mantuvo aún luego de que los expertos tuvieran en cuenta factores como el peso corporal previo al embarazo, el ingreso, la educación y la ingesta calórica de las mujeres.

El equipo calculó que por cada 1 por ciento de aumento en el consumo de grasas trans como reemplazo de carbohidratos en la dieta diaria de una mujer, aumentaba levemente el 'registro Z' de crecimiento fetal, que tiene en cuenta el peso del bebé al nacer y la semana de gestación durante la cual nace.

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